Cold and flu season and ear infections: what you need to know
Medically reviewed by Dr. Betsy Koickel, MD on December 19th, 2025.
Cold and flu season, when respiratory viruses circulate the most in the colder months, increases the risk of ear infections. Here is everything you need to know about identifying and treating ear infections that may occur along with respiratory illnesses.
What is cold and flu season?
Cold and flu season refers to the time of year when respiratory viruses, mainly rhinoviruses, influenza and RSV, circulate more readily and cause illness. These viruses spread through droplets when someone coughs, sneezes or touches contaminated surfaces. Because they target the respiratory tract, they can also affect nearby areas like the sinuses and ears.
When is cold and flu season?
In the United States, cold and flu season usually occurs as the weather gets cooler in late fall and can last through early spring. Cooler weather drives people indoors, where close contact helps viruses spread. Lower humidity also dries out nasal passages, making it easier for germs to enter.
How cold and flu season can lead to ear infections
The common cold or case of the flu can sometimes turn into an ear infection. This happens because viruses and bacteria can travel from the back of the throat to the Eustachian tubes, the small passages that connect the middle ear to the nose.
When these tubes become swollen or blocked due to congestion, fluid builds up behind the eardrum. That trapped fluid creates the perfect environment for bacteria or viruses to grow, leading to an infection known as otitis media.
Children are especially prone to ear infections because their Eustachian tubes are shorter and more horizontal, making it easier for germs to travel to the ear.
Why are infections more common during cold and flu season?
During cold and flu season, more viruses are circulating, making respiratory infections more common. Additionally, when the weather is colder, we tend to spend more time indoors, helping viruses spread easily. Dry indoor air can also irritate nasal passages and allow viruses to enter.
The bottom line is that a runny nose that lasts too long can easily become an earache if fluid and bacteria build up.
Symptoms of ear infections: how to spot the signs
Here are some of the symptoms of ear infections to look out for this year:
- Balance problems
- Decreased appetite
- Difficulty hearing or muffled sounds
- Drainage of fluid from the ear
- Ear pain or pressure (sharp, dull, or throbbing)
- Fever or irritability (especially in children)
- Trouble sleeping
- Tugging at the ear
If you or your child has any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention, as untreated ear infections can cause long-term hearing damage.
Cold and flu season tips for preventing ear infections
The best defense against ear infections starts with protecting yourself during cold and flu season. Here are some simple but effective tips:
- Avoid touching your face.
- Consider a humidifier to maintain moisture.
- Eat a well-balanced diet.
- Get enough sleep.
- Get your flu shot.
- Practice respiratory etiquette by covering coughs and sneezes.
- Stay home if you are ill.
- Stay well hydrated.
- Wash your hands frequently.
- Use a saline spray if your nasal passages dry out.
While you can’t completely prevent every illness, making sure you are taking care of yourself during cold and flu season can help your body more effectively fight off illnesses that come your way.
Treating ear infections during cold and flu season
Many ear infections improve on their own within a few days, especially if caused by viruses. However, supportive care can relieve discomfort and speed recovery:
- Apply a warm compress to the ear to ease pain.
- Consider decongestants or nasal sprays.
- Get enough rest.
- Stay well hydrated.
- Use over-the-counter pain medications if needed.
If symptoms persist beyond a few days or worsen, a healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics if a bacterial infection is suspected.
When to see a doctor
Contact a healthcare provider or visit an urgent care if you or your child experience:
- Drainage of pus or fluid from the ear
- Ear pain lasting more than two days
- Fever over 102°F
- Hearing loss or dizziness
- Symptoms that don’t improve or seem to return frequently
Early treatment prevents complications such as chronic ear infections or hearing problems. Children with repeated infections may need further evaluation to ensure the Eustachian tubes are draining properly.
Stay proactive during cold and flu season
A few preventive habits can go a long way. Keep your family’s vaccinations up to date, maintain good hygiene, and encourage healthy immune-supporting habits like balanced nutrition and adequate sleep.
If you notice symptoms of an ear infection, especially after a cold or the flu, find an urgent care center near you and walk in or save your spot online.
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions about cold and flu season and ear infections.
How does cold and flu season increase ear infections?
Cold and flu viruses cause swelling and congestion in the nose and throat. This can block the Eustachian tubes, allowing fluid to build up behind the eardrum and become infected.
What are the symptoms of ear infection during cold and flu season?
Common symptoms include ear pain, muffled hearing, fluid drainage, fever and irritability. Children may tug at their ears or have trouble sleeping.
How can you prevent ear infections during cold and flu season?
Wash your hands often, get your flu shot, stay hydrated and keep nasal passages clear to prevent congestion that can lead to ear infections.
What should you do if you have an ear infection during flu season?
Use over-the-counter pain relief, apply warm compresses and rest. See a healthcare provider if symptoms last more than a couple of days or get worse.
When is cold and flu season, and why does it lead to ear infections?
Cold and flu season is during the colder months, from fall to early spring. The cooler, drier air and increased indoor contact make it easier for viruses to spread, which can lead to ear infections.
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